Its main role was to conduct precision air strikes in battle while tackling the adversary’s air defences. Soviet forces used the MiG-27 in Afghanistan due to lack of adversary’s, elsewhere it had been replaced by the iconic MiG-29 in almost every sense. Nearly all of them have now been retired, and it remains in service only with the Kazakh Air Forces in the ground attack role. All Russian, Indian and Ukrainian MiG-27s have been retired.